Skepticism 101

WELCOME TO SKEPTICISM 101! The Skeptical Studies Curriculum Resource Center

THE SKEPTICAL STUDIES CURRICULUM RESOURCE CENTER is a comprehensive, free repository of resources for teaching students how to think skeptically. This Center contains an ever-growing selection of books, reading lists, course syllabi, in-class exercises, PowerPoint presentations, student projects, papers, and videos that you may download and use in your own classes. Lessons in these resources include:

• what science is, how it differs from pseudoscience, and why it matters
• the scientific method and how to use it to investigate and conduct skeptical analyses of extraordinary claims
• how to construct effective arguments and rhetorical strategies
• how to effectively use presentations and papers to present an argument
• reason, logic, and skeptical analysis
• the psychology of belief
• how ideas are presented within academia
• how peer review works
• and much more…

Skeptic » Skepticism 101 » Welcome to Skepticism 101! The Skeptical Studies Curriculum Resource Center:

How Critical Thinkers Lose Their Faith in God via Scientific American

Why are some people more religious than others? Answers to this question often focus on the role of culture or upbringing.  While these influences are important, new research suggests that whether we believe may also have to do with how much we rely on intuition versus analytical thinking. In 2011 Amitai Shenhav, David Rand and Joshua Greene of Harvard University published apaper showing that people who have a tendency to rely on their intuition are more likely to believe in God.  They also showed that encouraging people to think intuitively increased people’s belief in God. Building on these findings, in a recent paper published inScience, Will Gervais and Ara Norenzayan of the University of British Columbia found that encouraging people to think analytically reduced their tendency to believe in God. Together these findings suggest that belief may at least partly stem from our thinking styles.
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Top 10 Worst Anti-Science Websites

"The Internet is a dangerous place. It's full of resources, both good and bad; full of citations linking one to another, sometimes helpfully, sometimes not. Today we're going to point the skeptical eye at ten of the worst web sites in terms of quality of science information that they promote. To make this list, they not only need to have bad information, they also need to be popular enough to warrant our attention."
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The Twelve Reasons I Don’t Believe in Supernatural Claims, Part I

What a great collection of arguments against believing in nonsense.

"The Twelve Reasons I Don’t Believe in Supernatural Claims, Part I"

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The Twelve Reasons I Don’t Believe in Supernatural Claims, Part 2

The Twelve Reasons I Don’t Believe in Supernatural Claims, Part II
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Thinking Scientifically « Science-Based Life

"Why Do We Need Science?

Humans are poor data gathering machines. We have numerous biases, cognitive flaws, and psychological errors that prevent our unguided minds from grasping reality in any accurate way."
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inFact: Logical Fallacies 3

"In this last of three videos, we're going to look at some common fallacious arguments; ways that people make their points sounds convincing even when they're not true.

One way to do this is to use the Excluded Middle. If something's not one extreme, it must therefore be the other extreme.

You either embrace raw organic food, or you believe that everyone should be forced to eat processed poisons infected with corporate hate energy.

It's gotta be one or the other!

If you don't accept that world leaders are reptoid aliens in disguise, it's because your mind is being controlled." Watch Video

inFact: Logical Fallacies 1

"Ever hear someone argue a point that was effective, even though it didn't quite ring true? Chances are they used a logical fallacy." Watch Video

Transcript from video:

In this first of three videos, we're going to look at some common fallacious arguments; ways that people make their points sounds convincing even when they're not true. A common one is:

The Ad Hominem

Arguing against the person rather than against the argument. Let's say some guy is trying to convince you that Einstein's theory of relativity is wrong:

Einstein? That guy married his cousin. How can you trust his calculations?

Flip it around and you have:

The Bandwagon Fallacy

Which tries to claim that something must be true because so many people believe it:

50 million people have read The Secret. That many people can't be wrong.

Oh yes they can. How about the people whose religious or political beliefs are different from yours? That's a lot more than 50 million right there.

You can also use:

The Argument from Antiquity

To prove that something must be true because people have believed it for a long time.

Chinese medicine's been around for 5,000 years. It wouldn't have lasted that long if it didn't work.

Being ancient only proves that an idea comes from prescientific times. Maybe it works, like the wheel; maybe it doesn't, like burning witches (some more great ancient wisdom).

A related tactic is to pull out

The All-Natural Fallacy

This is a way to sell a product by raising the specter of concern about competing products that might be... "tarnished" by modern knowledge.

You should sprinkle some of this Haitian zombie powder in your wound. Ground human bones, hemlock, stinging nettle, pufferfish neurotoxin... it's all natural.

The Argument from Authority

Ignores the need to have good information and instead relies on an authority figure.

It doesn't matter what your research shows; my information came from a scientist. So it can't be wrong!

But if all else fails, fall back on:

The Appeal to Quantum Physics

This is why people think Deepak Chopra knows anything; he throws around terms like this to make whatever he says sound scientific and advanced.

Quantum physics links our metaphysical beings through quantum entanglement.

Hey it sounded over my head; he must know what he's talking about.

Next time we'll look at some ways that language itself can be misused to accomplish the same thing.

Brian Dunning